Nội Dung Chính
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UNIT 1 I LOVE MAKING JEWELRY!
| VERB + -ING (STATEMENTS) |
| I You We They | love like enjoy don't like hate can't stand | baking. doing puzzles. |
| He She | loves likes enjoys don't like hates can't stand | cooking. playing sports. |
| VERB + TO INFINITIVE (STATEMENTS) |
| I You We They | would like want hate like don't want | to take photos. |
| He She | would like wants hates likes doesn't want | to make new friends. |
| VERB +-ING (QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS) |
| Do you Do they Does he Does she | love like enjoy hate | baking? doing puzzles? | Yes, I do. / No, I don't. Yes, they do. / No, they don't. Yes, he does./No, he doesn't. Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. |
| GERUNDS AS SUBJECTS |
| Skiing is great exercise. Building models can be a lot of fun. Performing in front of people makes me nervous. |
| WH-WORD + TO INFINITIVE |
| where/how | to get the information. | |
| I don't know | what | to do. |
| who | to contact. |
UNIT 2 HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN PLAYING CRICKET?
| PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE STATEMENTS (WITH SINCE, FOR, LATELY, RECENTLY) |
| I They | have been playing cricket haven't been going to the gym | since 2013. for a long time. |
| He She | has been doing archery hasn't been playing badminton | a lot lately. recently. |
| PAST PROGRESSIVE |
| The students were playing basketball in the stadium when the coach came. She was baking some cookies when she burned her finger. |
| PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (QUESTIONS) |
| How long have you been working out? How long has he been playing rugby? |
| What have you been doing since breakfast? What sports has he been playing lately? What TV shows have they been watching recently? |
| Have you been playing the guitar long? Has she been doing taekwondo for a long time? Have they been practicing their dance since morning? |
UNIT 3 YOU COULD ASK FOR ADVICE.
| MODALS FOR ADVICE (QUESTIONS) |
| What | should could | I he she they | do to solve the problem? |
| MODALS FOR ADVICE (ANSWERS) |
| You He She They | should could | apologize ask someone for help.. |
| If I were you, I would | try a different way of studying. |
| TRY + GERUND |
| Have you tried Why don't you try | saying you're sorry? talking to a teacher? explaining your side of the story? |
| SUGGEST + GERUND |
| I | suggest | joning the club to make new friends. organizing a singing contest. |
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UNIT 4 THE KOALA WAS TAKEN TO A SHELTER.
| ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE VOICE (1) We use the active voice to say what the subject of the sentence does. |
| Subject | Active Verb | Object |
| Some people | rescued | the baby raccoon. |
| The vet | attached | three tracking tags. |
| ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE VOICE (2) We use the passive voice when we want to change the object of the sentence into the subject. |
| Subject | Passive Verb |
| The baby raccoon | was rescued. |
| Three tracking tags | were attached. |
| PASSIVE VOICE |
| Simple Present | Simple Past |
| The koala is wrapped in a blanket. When is it given a bath? Is it kept in a cage overnight? | The puppies were checked for injuries. What time were they brought in? Were they given any medicine? |
| USE OF THE PASSIVE VOICE (1) We use the passive voice if the subject is unknown or unimportant. |
| The pet cat was abandoned in a field. A baby bird was brought into the animal shelter. | (Someone or some people abandoned the cat, but it is unknown who did so.) (Someone or some people brought it in, but who did so is not important.) |
| USE OF THE PASSIVE VOICE (2) We also use the passive voice to make general statements. |
| Kittens are usually adopted very quickly. Wild animals are typically checked for any injuries. |
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UNIT 5 HOW WAS IT FORMED?
| PASSIVE VOICE (WITH BY) We use the passive voice to emphasize the receiver of an action. We use by to name the person or thing that does the action (the agent). |
| Present Progressive | Present Perfect |
| This beach is being washed away by the sea. Why is this park being closed by the Park Service? Is this glacier being moved by gravity? | The rock has been broken apart by freezing and melting ice. How has the Earth's environment been changed by pollution? Has this canyon been shaped by wind or water? |
UNIT 6 LOOK AT THAT NARWHAL!
| NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES (WHICH AND WHO) |
| The seahorse, which is a type of fish, uses its tail to move forward. Oceanography, which is also called "marine science," is the scientific study of the world's oceans. The Great Barrier Reef is an important habitat for millions of animals, which depend on it for food and shelter. |
| Tourists, who don't always get proper training, sometimes damage coral reefs. Sylvia Earle, who holds the world record for solo scuba diving, is a National Geographic Explorer. Jacques Cousteau, who is probably the most famous oceanographer in the world, died in 1997. |
| RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES (WHICH, WHO AND THAT) |
| The only mammal that cannot jump is the elephant. Animals which only eat plants are called herbivores. Students who have an excellent study record will receive a certificate of achievement at the end of the course. |
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UNIT 7 IT MAY BE THE FIRST TEMPLE EVER BUILT.
| MODALS OF PROBABILITY |
| Less Sure | More Sure | |
| Present | This stone could / might be worth a lot of money. It might not be an arrowhead. | This vase can't/couldn't be iron because it's too light. This must be the burial site. These coins don't have Latin on them, so they must not be Roman. |
| Past | Early traders could / might have left these gold coins here. They might not have built these statues by themselves. | This is made of gold. It must have belonged to someone important. They couldn't have left the island- they didn't have any boats. |
UNIT 8 IT'S ALMOST AS TALL AS THE SHANGHAI TOWER!
| TOO AND (NOT) ENOUGH |
| It's too cloudy today. I can't see anything. You're too old to get the ticket discount. You need to be 18 or under. He's old enough to drive. He just turned 16 so he has a license. This car is not big enough for our family. We need a larger one. |
| (NOT) AS + ADJECTIVE + AS |
| I think living in Osaka is as expensive as Tokyo. The Oakland Bay Bridge is probably not as famous as the Golden Gate Bridge. |
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| COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE |
| Short adjectives (1 syllable) | fast | faster than deeper than | the fastest the deepest |
| 1-syllable adjectives (ending with a short vowel sound and a single consonant) | big hot | bigger than hotter than | the biggest the hottest |
| adjectives ending in -y | pretty hungry | prettier than hungrier than | the prettiest the hungriest |
| Longer adjectives (2 or more syllables) | famous expensive | more famous than more expensive than | the most famous the the expensive |
| Irregular adjectives | good bad | better than worse than | the best the worst |
UNIT 9 HE'S A GREAT DIRECTOR, ISN'T HE?
| TAG QUESTIONS |
| Positive Statement + Negative Tag | Negative Statement + Positive Tag |
| It's a horror movie, isn't it? | It isn't a horror movie, is it? |
| They're famous, aren't they? | They aren't famous, are they? |
| She was watching a movie, wasn't she? | She wasn't watching a movie, was she? |
| They were popular, weren't they? | They weren't popular, were they? |
| He directs comedies, doesn't he? | He doesn't direct comedies, does he? |
| They appear in action movies, don't they? | They don't appear in action movies, do they? |
| You liked that movie, didn't you? | You didn't like that movie, did you? |
| We've seen Star Wars, haven't we? | We haven't seen Star Wars, have we? |
| I can watch that movie, can't I? | I can't watch that movie, can I? |
| She should buy a ticket, shouldn't she? | She shouldn't buy a ticket, should she? |
| They'll win an award, won't they? | They won't win an award, will they? |
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| TAG QUESTIONS (IRREGULAR FORMS) |
| I'm invited, aren't I? | I'm not invited, am I? |
| You have to be 21 to enter, don't you? | You don't have to be 21 to enter, do you? |
| TAG QUESTIONS (SHORT ANSWERS) |
| George Lucas directed Star Wars, didn't he? George Lucas didn't direct Star Wars, did he? | Yes, he did. (He did direct it.) |
| Steven Spielberg directed Star Wars, didn't he? Steven Spielberg didn't direct Star Wars, did he? | No, he didn't. (He did not direct it.) |
UNIT 10 I WISH I COULD BE AN ATHLETE!
| WISH |
| I am not young. I don't have a job. I have a test tomorrow. I can't fly. | I wish I were young. I wish I had a job. I wish I didn't have a test tomorrow. I wish I could fly. |
| SECOND CONDITIONAL (STATEMENTS) |
| If I had a lot of money, I'd travel around the world. If I didn't have a test tomorrow. I'd go watch a movie. If I could choose any superpower, I'd want to be able to read people's minds. |
| SECOND CONDITIONAL (QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS) |
| If you didn't have to go to school, would you go anyway? If you could travel back in time, would you want to? | Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't. |
UNIT 11 WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
| PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE |
| Someone has been borrowing my things without asking. My neighbors have been having loud parties lately. |
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| PASSIVE VOICE |
| Small animals are often adopted very quickly. The injured bear was given medicine to calm it down. The injured dog is being treated right now. The adult turtles have been released into the sea. The animal rescue league is supported by hundreds of volunteers. Several trees in the park were cut down by illegal loggers. The face of the statue has been eroded away by the wind. |
| GIVING ADVICE |
| You could apologize. You should find out the cause of the problem. Have you tried asking for help? Why don't you talk to your family about it? |
| MODALS OF PROBABILITY |
| This coin could / might be iron. This might not be gold. The royal family could / might have escaped from the city. The ship's captain might not have realized his mistake in time. This bag can't / couldn't be Diana's. She didn't bring one today. This must be the king's tomb. Look at all the gold! The city must have been very beautiful back then. Look at these drawings! They couldn't have made these tools. They didn't know how to work with iron. |
| SECOND CONDITIONAL |
| If I had more time, I'd take a night class. If I didn't have a class at 4:00, I'd play basketball. If I could cure any disease, I'd want to cure cancer. |
| ADVERB CLAUSE OF REASON | ADVERB CLAUSE OF EFFECT |
| She came to the police station because / as / since she needed help. | He called the police so that they could come to save his family. |
| ADVERB CLAUSE OF CONCESSION |
| Although / Though / Even though she tried hard, she lost the game. She didn't let the thief scare her although / though / even though he threatened her. |
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UNIT 12 YOU SHOULD EAT MORE FRUIT!
| GERUNDS |
| I love working out. I don't like eating a lot of red meat. Exercising helps reduce stress. |
| COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES |
| Juice is healthier than soda. Fresh fruit is more expensive than canned fruit. Whole grain bread is better for you than white bread. |
| TOO AND (NOT) ENOUGH |
| I'm too tired to continue running. Talia is tall enough to take the roller coaster. Alex is not strong enough to lift that desk. |
| (NOT) AS + ADJECTIVE + AS |
| Vegetable burgers are just as tasty as beef burgers. Turkey is not as fatty as lamb. |
| TAG QUESTIONS |
| Avocados are good for you, aren't they? Paul went to the farmers' market, didn't he? Todd and Allison won't be at the race, will they? Iris isn't going to the supermarket, is she? |
| NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES |
| Fast food, which is often high in calories, is junk food. My cousin, who studied sports science in college, is now a personal trainer. |
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