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- 1 Look at the photo. Where do you think this is?
- 2
Listen and complete the dialogue. - 3 Read the Learn this! box. Match the modal verbs from exercise 2 with the rules.
- 4 Underline the incorrect modal verb and replace it with a more suitable one. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
- 5 Read the Look out! box. Then find examples of needn't have and didn't need to in exercise 2.
- 6 Look at the sentence. Are both verbs correct, or only one? Explain the difference between them.
- 7 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal verb and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
- 8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B. Student A: tell Student B about a situation below. Student B: listen to Student A and respond using past modals.
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I can use modal verbs to talk about past actions.
|
1 Look at the photo. Where do you think this is?2 |
Listen and complete the dialogue.
................. 
................... not have embarrassed myself so badly.
................. 
............ have arrived by now. I | LEARN THIS! Modals in the past a We use may (not) / might (not) / could have + past participle to speculate about the past. We don't use couldn't have + past participle in this way. She might have been worried about something. b We use should / shouldn't have + past participle or ought (not) to have + past participle to say what the right or wrong way to behave was. He shouldn't have left early. He ought to have stayed. c We sometimes use an exclamation with might have + past participle or could have + past participle (but not may have + past participle or negative forms) to tell somebody how we think they should have behaved. You might have offered me a biscuit! I was starving! d We use must have + past participle and can't/ couldn't have + past participle to make logical deductions about the past. They can't have known about the meeting. They must have misunderstood your email. |
4 Underline the incorrect modal verb and replace it with a more suitable one. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 They mustn't have seen Max - he's away on holiday.
2 Joe knew about the strike. He must have warned me!
3 I couldn't have yawned when Tim told that story. It was a bit rude of me.
4 It was so noisy. It's possible he ought not to have heard us.
5 I emailed Erin a week ago, so she can't have read it by now.
5 Read the Look out! box. Then find examples of needn't have and didn't need to in exercise 2.
| LOOK OUT! needn't have / didn't need to 1 We use needn't have + past participle to say an action that was done was unnecessary. The café isn't open yet. I needn't have got here so early! 2 We use didn't need to + infinitive to say an action was unnecessary, whether or not it was done. The bus stopped nearby, so I didn't need to walk far. |
 Grammar Builder 3.3 pages 121-122 |
6 Look at the sentence. Are both verbs correct, or only one? Explain the difference between them.
The hotel provided towels, so I didn't need to take / needn't have taken any.
7 Complete the sentences with a suitable modal verb and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Dan looks tired. He ................. (sleep) badly last night.
2 Luckily, Ela gave me her spare ticket, so I .............. (buy) one.
3 I'm not certain, but I ............... (leave) my passport at home.
4 The restaurant's empty. We ................ (book) a table after all.
8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to be A and B. Student A: tell Student B about a situation below. Student B: listen to Student A and respond using past modals.
1 My best friend isn't talking to me.
2 My brother thinks he saw a ghost yesterday.
3 I haven't got any money at all this month.
I had an argument with Minh and he won't talk to me now.
You shouldn't have argued. You must have upset him.
e We use should have + past participle and was supposed to + infinitive to talk about things we expect to have happened.
She left an hour ago, so she should have reached the airport by now.
She was supposed to take the tickets with her.
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