8B: Grammar | Tiếng Anh 12 (Friends Global) | Unit 8: Change the world - Lớp 12 - Giáo Dục Việt Nam

1 Is there a problem with litter where you live? Read the opinions below. Who do you think should be responsible for reducing litter?

A load of rubbish?

2 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of each rule in exercise 1.

LEARN THIS! Emphasis (1)

1 We can emphasise key information in a sentence by: a adding a clause with It is / was, etc.... that... at the start of the sentence.

Joe bought a tablet last weekend.

→ It was Joe who bought a tablet last weekend.

→It was a tablet that Joe bought last weekend.

→It was last weekend that Joe bought a tablet.

We often use this structure to make a contrast:

It was a tablet that Joe bought, not a smartphone.

b adding a clause with What.

Kate lost her debit card.

→What Kate lost was her debit card.

→What Kate did was lose her debit card.

→What happened was that Kate lost her debit card.

2 We can use All (that) in the same way as What. It means 'the only thing'

I just need some money.

→All (that) I need is some money.

→They only needed to ask.

→All (that) they needed to do was ask.

3 Rewrite the sentences (1-7) to make a contrast. Begin with It and emphasise the underlined words.

1 Mia isn't coming shopping with us. Lara is. It's Lara who's coming with us, not Mia.

2 I haven't got a credit card. I've got a debit card.

3 The first supermarket opened in 1916. It wasn't 1920.

4 Her mum doesn't work in a store. Her aunt does.

5 Many people don't want quality. They want low prices.

6 The sales start on Friday. They don't start today.

7 I blame teenagers for the litter. I don't blame the restaurants.

4 Read the Learn this! box. Then find two examples in exercise 1. How would the sentences read without the emphatic structure?

5 Rewrite the sentences (1-6). Begin with the words in brackets and emphasise the underlined words.

1 Store loyalty cards have really caught on. (One idea...)

2 It's the directors of companies who should change. (The people...)

3 Many European firms are investing in Asia. (One place...)

4 Greed drives most consumerism. (The thing...)

5 Plastic packaging creates most waste. (The thing...)

6 Self-service stores first opened in the USA. (The country...)

6 Complete the text with the words below. Use each word once.

all    it's    one    that    thing   what   where

The 1_____ that annoys me most is the litter. Clearly 2_____  some people care about is convenience, not the environment. So that in anti-social behaviour. But 3_____  the government needs to do is prosecute those involved in anti-social behaviour. But 4_____  the businesses themselves that also need to take more responsibility - for example, the place 5_____  I usually shop has installed a security camera to deter people from dropping rubbish outside. And 6_____ thing they've tried successfully in some places is putting up lifesize cardboard police officers. It seems all 7_____   some people need is a gentle reminder to act responsibly.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of different ways to complete each sentence. Then compare your ideas with other pairs'.

1 The places in my town that have the most litter are...

2 All we need to do to reduce litter is...